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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. P. L. SAUTTER. ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 456,598. Patented July 28, 1891.

1w. mum ruins ca PNOTO-UYNQ, msumcun, n cy (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Shee.t2. F. L. SAUTTER.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 456,598. Patented July 28, 1891.

UNITED STATES PATENT OF ICE.

FRANQOIS LOUIS SAUTTER, OF PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR TO SAUTTER,

' HARLE & 00., OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 456,598, dated July28, 1891.

Application filed December 18,1890. Serial No, 375,132. (No model.)Patented in France April 22, 1890,N0. 205,215, and in EnglandAugust11,1890,N0.12,532.

- To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FEANooIs Louis SAUT- TER, a citizen of France,residing at Avenue de lAlma 14,1aris, France,have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Electric-Arc Lighting; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference markedthereon, which form a part of this specification.

The invention has been patented in France April 22. 1890, No. 205,215,and in England August 11, 1890, No. 12,532.

The present invention has for its object improvements in electric-arclamps, and relates especially to the automatic maintenance of theluminous point in the focus of the apparatus in which the lamp isplaced, whether a light-house, a projector, or any other.

Up to the present time the iixity in space of the luminous electricfocus has only been obtained by the simultaneous approach of the twocarbons at an equal speed when an alternatingcurrentisemployed,producing an equal expenditure of the electrodes, or with unequal speedsproportional to the expenditure of the electrodes when a continuouscurrent is employed. When in consequence of the breaking of one of thecarbons or from a speed of expenditure different from that which hadbeen expected, or perhaps from a defective initial position given to theelectric focus, this is not in its normal position, it is adjusted to itby hand by means of suitable mechanism while observing an image of theflame projecting upon a screen upon which the focal plane has beenmarked by a line.

The invention is an arrangement which results in the automatic replacingof the lumi nous facet of one of the electrodes to the position whichhas been assigned to it when for.

any reason it has left it. The position of the other electrode isregulated by the variation of the intensity of the current or counterelectromotor force of the voltaic are, so as to maintain a constantseparation of the carbons during work. The sudden separation of theelectrodes at the moment of lighting is brought about by the applicationof an electromotor mechanism to one or other of the carbons. Again, inorder to obtain the fixity of the voltaic are, I employ, as I describefarther on, one or more solenoids or permanent magnets or tubularelectro-magnets.

My invention is represented in the annexed drawings, in which Figure 1is a section of my regulating-therinomotor. Fig. 2 is a plan. Fig. 3 isan elevation. Figs. 1A, and 5 show details. Fig.

0 shows one of the arrangements of the electromotor actuated by thethermomotor-regulator and the necessary connections. Fig. 7 showsanother arrangement of the apparatus working with a counter-weight.Figs. 8, 0, and 10 show different positions which the carbons mayoccupy.

In Figs. 1 to 5, A is a screen; 13, an extensible metallic wire; 0 O,straining-screws; D D, screws for clamping the straining-screws O O; E,contact-lever, against which the middle part of the wire B rests; F,support for the lever; G, isolating supporting-plate; II, spring servingto hold the lever E in close contact with the middle part of theextensible wire; I and J, contact-screws; K, support for the screw J; L,isolating supporting-plate for the screw J; M, fixed support of theregulater; 1 and 2, carbons.

In Fig. 6,1 is the case of the lamp; Q, the platform supporting theelectromotor R; '1', armature of the electromotor; s, ratchet-nut on thescrew S, serving to approximate the carbons. The details of the ratchetarrangement are wellknown. T T is the lighting elec tro-magnet; t,armature of the clectro-magnet T; t, counter-spring of the lightingelectro-magnet; U, carbon-carrier; u, stem of the carbon-carrier, movingvertically in the screw S; a, stop limiting the movement of I 1, carbon;3, controlling-solenoid; M, regulating-thermomotor; N, support for theregulator; 0, wire leading from the negative pole of the arc.

In Fig. 7,1 is the case of the lamp; Q, the

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X, guide-stem supporting the lighting electro-magnet T and thecarbon-carrier U; '6, armature of the lighting eleotro-magnet; t,counter-spring of the lighting electro-magnet; U, carbon-carrier; to,stem of the carbon-carrier, moving vertically in the stem X; a, stoplimiting the movement of a; 3, controllingsolenoid; M, the regulatingthermomotor; N, support for the regulator; 0, wire leading from thenegative pole of the are.

In Figs. 8, 9, and 10,1 represents positive carbons; 2,negative carbons;3,controlling-solenoids.

Action of the apparatus.As long as the luminous facet of the lowercarbon 1 is 011 the level of or above the upper edge of the screen A itis seen by the wire B and heats it. The heated wire lengthens, and asthe position of its ends does not vary it bends and allows the flexiblelever E, which the spring II presses against the middle part of thewire, to move. This displacement multiplied by the lever breaks thecontact between the end of the lever and the screw J. If the luminousfacet of the lower carbon descends below the upper edge of the screen A,it is no longer seen by the wire, which immediately cools, contracts,and pressing upon the flexible lever E displaces itand re-establishesthe cont-act between its lower end and the screw J. Then the currentpasses and actuates the electromotor It, Fig. 6, or the electromotor R,Fig. 7. The electro-magnct according to Fig. 6 moves a driving-pawl,which acts upon the ratchetnut s to cause the displacement of the screwS. That of Fig. 7 lifts the stop V and, setting free a clock-movementdriven by a weight W, allows the carbon to be raised. When inconsequence of its movement the luminous facet is again seen by thewire, this becomes heated, lengthens, and yields, the flexible lever isagain displaced, and the contact with the screw J ceases. The contactwith a screw I placed in front of the first may be utilized to send thecurrent into a second mechanism similar to the first, but acting in thecontrary direction to lower the carbon in place of raising it.

The electromotor R may be employed to raise, instead of thecarbon-holder, a movable support upon which the lamp stands.

The heating of the wire B may be obtained either by the direct radiationof the luminous facet, as described above, or from the projection uponthe wire of an image of this facet obtained by means of a lens suitablyarranged or of a reflector. This arrangement allows of the regulatingthermomotor being placed at a greater distance from the lamp and ofincreasing its sensibility by enlarging the image of the luminous point.The wire B may be replaced, if desired, by any other analogousthermomotor serving the same object.

The mechanism for separating the carbons at the moment oflightingoperates as follows:

\Yhen the principal current is sent to the lamp, (the carbons being incontact,) it passes in the electro magnet T T, Figs. 6 and 7, and thisattracts the armature t, overcoming the action of the antagonisticspring 6, and separates the carbons. The current which acts upon theelectro-magnet B, Fig. 6, or It, Fig. 7, is a derivation from theprincipal current obtained by known means, which it is unnecessary todescribe.

In Figs. 8, 9, and I0, I have represented different positions of thecarbons. Around one of the electrodes I arrange one or more solenoidsconcentrically with respect to the electrode or electrodes or in anyother position. The solenoids have for their object to impress upon theare a movement of rotation centering it consequently upon the axis ofthe magnetic field created by the solenoid. In this manner the carbonsare maintained of a constant and uniform shape. Fig. 8 shows a solenoid3 concentric to the positive lower carbon 1. Its effect is to insure thehorizontal and central position of the crater. Fig. 5) shows a cratermaintained in an oblique position. Finally, Fig. 10 shows two carbons,which in place of being arranged upon the same axial line form an anglebetween them. This arrangement is rendered possible by the employment ofthe solenoids. I may also in place of the solenoids employ permanentmagnets or tubular electro-magnets for centering the are.

In certain cases it is convenient to rotate the two carbons or one ofthe two only upon their longitudinal axis, so as to insure an absoluteuniformity of figure. This result may be obtained by means of anysuitable mechanism.

The arrangement which I have described, and particularly the automaticregulator, may be applied to lamps working with alternating current aswell as to lamps with continuous current.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatwhat I claim is 1. In combination, in an electric-arc lamp, anelectromotor for regulating the relative positions of the electrodes, alever in the circuit of said motor to make and break said circuit, and adevice for controlling the position of said lever, consisting of a wireor piece of material sensitive to the heat or light of the arc andadapted to move the said lever, substantially as described.

2. In combination, in an electric-arc lamp, an electromotor forregulating the positions of the electrodes, a flexible or expansiblewire B, sensitive to the heat or light of the arc and arranged to beaffected thereby, a circuitbreaker controlled by the movements of saidwire, and a screen between the wire and the are, substantially asdescribed.

3. In combination, in an electric lamp, an

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electromotor for regulating the positions of the electrodes, and aregulator for said motor, located in the circuit and to make and breakcontact, said regulator being in turn controlled and operated by theheat or light of the arc, substantially as described.

4. In combination, the electrodes, the stem X, the clock mechanism forraising said stem, the stop V for holding said mechanism in check, theelectro-magnets R in shunt for controlling the position of the stop V,and the thermo-regulator controlling the circuit of the magnets B, saidregulator being con-

